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In 1944, two years after your President Roosevelt quote, the President retracts this statement by staying "...from time to time there will have to be exceptions not to the surrender principle but to the application of it in different cases." (Letter from President Roosevelt to Secretary of State Cordell Hull, April 5, 1944) Essentially, President Roosevelt said that the way Japan will surrender may be more of a compromise than originally thought.
Although American's were angry about Pearl Harbor, the atomic bomb was still immoral and the punishment didn't fit the crime.
The Atomic Archive says that an estimated 199,000 people were killed because of the immediate effects of the atomic bomb. About.com says that only 2,335 people were killed at Pearl Harbor. There is a very big difference between the attacks.
Not only this, but "The two cities were of limited military value..." (Debate on Pros and Cons doc.)
Although a nuclear demonstration would not kill as many people as Option 3, a staged explosion would make the United States seem very aggressive.
Memorandum from the Secretary of War:
"We have great moral superiority through being the victim."
This quote is essentially saying that because the U.S. was attacked first, we have the moral upper hand, and this will be taken away if the country doesn't act carefully. A nuclear demonstration would be world news that gives an image of the United States being threatening and aggressive.
While both the United States and Japan were ruthlessly fighting, the fact is the US overstepped their bounds and violated major rules of warfare by dropping not only one, but two atomic bombs. About.com says that only 2,335 people were killed on the attack at Pearl Harbor. The paper titled "Effects of the Bomb" tells us that in the first second of impact, the atomic bomb killed 80,000 to 100,000 people. Atomic Archive says that an estimated 135,000 people were killed at Hiroshima and 64,000 at Nagasaki. Clearly, the number of people Japan killed was much smaller than the number of people that Americans killed. In other words, the punishment didn't fit the crime.
The atomic bomb is by far one of the most destructive weapons. In fact, upon the first second of impact, the atomic bomb can kill 80,000-100,000 people. The United States should never be responsible for this type of destruction, therefore the atomic bombings of Japan should never have taken place, especially because the bomb not only killed people instantly, but for years to come.
Effects of the Bomb: "At 8:15 am, Little Boy exploded instantly killing 80,000-100,000 people..."
Effects of the Bomb: "Two years after the bombing plants growing at ground zero presaged the frightening genetic aberrations in humans that were to come...For decades, abnormally high amounts of cancer, birth defects, and tumors haunted victims."
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